During the first 6 months of having your license you're not supposed to travel without person(s) under some age. I believe it's 18, without a 25+ licensed driver.
-What penalties are there for doing this, and is the age 18, or older? Does the 25+ licensed driver have to be in a certain seat (somewhere they can take control of the vehicle if needed?)

During the first 12 months you're not supposed to travel between midnight and 5am without a 25+ licensed driver
-What penalties are there for this? And if say it was during your 7th(ish) month and had minors in the vehicle would the penalties be any different?

I don't plan on doing anything except maybe giving a friend a ride home from practice who lives a block away from me; but I'd still like to know the consequences of any decisions I make before I make them.

EDIT: I live in California, I'm 16 and will be getting my license in April (16th)